The opium poppy, scientifically known as Papaver somniferum, is an annual plant in the poppy family (Papaveraceae). It is best known for its showy flowers and the production of opium, which is extracted from the milky sap of the unripe seed pods.
Characteristics:
Growth form: The opium poppy reaches a height of 60 to 120 cm. The plant has an upright growth habit and can vary depending on the variety.
Leaves: The leaves are large, pinnate and grey-green. They grow alternately on the stem and can be up to 30 cm long.
Flowers: The flowers are very showy and can appear in various colours, including white, pink, red and purple. They usually have a diameter of 8 to 12 cm and bloom from May to August.
Fruits: After flowering, round, green capsules develop, which turn brown when ripe. These capsules contain the seeds of the opium poppy.
Location and care:
Light: Papaver somniferum prefers sunny locations with plenty of light.
Soil: It thrives best in well-drained, nutrient-rich soil. A slightly sandy or loamy soil is ideal.
Watering: During the growing season, the opium poppy needs regular watering, but should not be left standing in water.
Propagation:
Propagation takes place through seeds, which can be sown in spring. Germination usually occurs within two to three weeks.
Use:
Medicinal use: The opium poppy is known for its medicinal properties. Opium, which contains morphine and other alkaloids, is extracted from the unripe capsules. These substances are used in pain therapy.
Culinary herbs: The ripe seeds of the opium poppy are edible and are often used in baked goods such as rolls or cakes. They have a nutty taste and are rich in nutrients.
